The exhaust fan puts the room under slight negative pressure (that's what keeps odor out of the house).
An atmospheric-draft gas water heater or gas dryer in the same garage relies on gentle buoyancy up its flue,
and strong depressurization — about −3 pascals — can reverse that draft and spill combustion
gases into the room. The design handles it by oversizing the inlet and capping the fan:
The numbers
Fan runs at speed 2–3 ≈ 100–150 CFM (the room is ~3,200 cu ft — that's a
full air change every 20–30 minutes, plenty for odor). The 14″×20″ filtered grille gives ~2 sq ft of free
area, so intake face velocity stays near 75 ft/min. Pressure drop scales with velocity
squared, which lands the room at well under −1 pascal — a 3× margin to the −3 Pa backdraft
threshold, filter included.
Two conditions that make it code-defensible
1 — Put a physical stop on the fan's speed controller so it can't be cranked to its full
425 CFM while gas appliances share the space. 2 — Have the bidder do the thirty-second smoke-pencil test at
the water heater's draft hood with the exhaust fan and the dryer both running (the worst case),
and note the result for the permit file. A sealed power-vent or direct-vent water heater is immune and
needs neither.
The dryer's own exhaust
A dryer is itself a ~150 CFM exhaust fan fighting ours for makeup air — the oversized
grille is sized for both running at once. Keep the dryer's duct run to the outdoors (never into the room),
and keep lint away from the intake: lint is printer poison, which is the other job the MERV 8 filter does.
California notes while the bidder is there: burner 18″ above the floor unless the unit is FVIR-listed, and
seismic strapping on the water heater.